守初心耕海探洋七十载担使命披风踏浪砥砺行——中国科学院海洋研究所70年发展纪实   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王凡  孙松 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):664-672

中国科学院海洋研究所是新中国第一个专门从事海洋科学研究的国立科研机构,她的70年光辉历程是我国海洋科技事业从无到有、从弱到强的发展缩影,是新中国海洋科学调查研究自主创新发展历程的真实写照。本文简要介绍中国科学院海洋研究所的主要发展历程,回顾70年来取得的主要科技成就,并围绕新形势下建设海洋大科学研究中心等改革发展举措,讨论和展望研究所的未来发展。  相似文献   

A new pelagic Polyconchoecia Xiang,Chen and Du, 2018(Ostracoda:Myodocopa:Halocyprididae) from the South China Sea     

项鹏  王雨  陈瑞祥  叶又茵  王春光  陈小银  林茂 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(4):73-83

Halocyprid ostracods are appreciable part of ostracods floating through virtually everywhere in marine environment.In this study,we describe a new species of genus Polyconchoecia Xiang,Chen and Du,2018,tribe Conchoeciini Chavtur and Angel,2011,family Halocyprididae Dana,1853 from the middle of the South China Sea.Polyconchoecia chenii sp.nov.is very close to P.commixtus Xiang,Chen and Du,2018.But it differs from P.commixtus by the distinctions of locations of major glands of carapace and the characteristics of appendages:more posteriorly situated left asymmetric gland of carapace,no right asymmetric gland;segmented frontal organ;the endopod 2 of the first antenna with a very small seta;a-and c-setae of the first antenna with long end joint have long end joint,the b-and d-setae have no end joint,spinose e-seta without end joint;the e-seta of the second antenna is present;teeth side is distinctive;the setal counts of the mandible,maxilla,fifth limb,and sixth limb are individual.The locations of the major glands on carapace and the characteristics of the first antenna can be the key of the new species.This work is the second discovery of the genus Polyconchoecia from the world.  相似文献   

2013—2019年度海洋科学技术奖计量统计及其科研合作网络分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵晓龙  李保石  王泉斌 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(11):19-27

文章基于2013—2019年度海洋科学技术奖，运用计量统计、社会网络分析等研究方法，探究海洋科学技术奖获奖成果计量特征、学科分布、获奖机构及其科研合作关系等，直观揭示海洋科学技术奖所构成的科研合作范式、科研合作网络结构等，以期为海洋科研管理、科技创新和学科建设等提供科学参考。研究表明：整体上，海洋科学技术奖获奖成果呈逐年递增趋势，一等奖与二等奖的获奖等级比值呈下降趋势；学科划分上，获奖成果主要隶属于“海洋科学”学科，又以海洋生物学、海洋装备与设备、海洋化学和物理海洋学为主体；获奖机构方面，海洋科学技术奖已奖励包括中国海洋大学和中国科学院海洋研究所等涉海类高校和科研院所在内的各类海洋科技创新主体285家，分布在山东、浙江、广东、上海、北京、江苏等19个省（市、自治区）；科研合作方面，海洋科学技术奖获奖核心机构所构建的科研合作关系紧密，以自然资源部第二海洋研究所的中心度最高，中国海洋大学的中间中心度最高，其控制该科研合作网络中其他机构之间沟通交流的力度最大。  相似文献   

2016与1998年春季北大西洋海表温度异常的差异及成因     

薛文璟  余锦华  陈林 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(3):19-30

利用再分析资料以及混合层海温诊断方程, 研究1997—1998与2015—2016年超级厄尔尼诺次年北大西洋海表温度异常(sea surface temperature anomalies, SSTA)的差异及成因。结果显示, 北大西洋SSTA在1998年春季呈明显正负正三极型式分布, 而在2016年呈弱的负正负型态。诊断热带北大西洋SSTA的影响因素表明, 1998年春季暖SSTA除了之前研究强调的海洋表面向大气的潜热输送异常减少, 以及吸收太阳辐射的增加外, 海洋动力过程即Ekman纬向漂流也起着重要的作用。热力过程与厄尔尼诺峰值后出现的北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO)负位相有关, 其可引起亚速尔高压减弱, 产生西南风异常, 通过风-蒸发-海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)反馈机制使热带北大西洋蒸发减弱, 海表增暖, 沃克环流下沉支的东移对这一增暖也有贡献。与1997—1998厄尔尼诺事件不同, 2015—2016厄尔尼诺事件没有强迫出负位相NAO, 而是出现弱NAO正位相, 热带北大西洋为弱的东风异常, 使海表发生一定的冷却, 形成2016春季北大西洋SSTA与1998年的明显差异。  相似文献   

How forest gaps shaped plant diversity along an elevational gradient in Wolong National Nature Reserve?     

Chen  Li  Han  Wangya  Liu  Dan  Liu  Guohua 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(7):1081-1097

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Understanding the underlying ecological processes that control plant diversity within (α-diversity) and among (β-diversity) forest gaps is important for...  相似文献   

Root‐zone moisture replenishment in a native vegetated catchment under Mediterranean climate     

Xiang Xu  Huade Guan  Grzegorz Skrzypek  Craig T. Simmons 《水文研究》2019,33(18):2394-2407

The root‐zone moisture replenishment mechanisms are key unknowns required to understand soil hydrological processes and water sources used by plants. Temporal patterns of root‐zone moisture replenishment reflect wetting events that contribute to plant growth and survival and to catchment water yield. In this study, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of twigs and throughfall were continuously monitored to characterize the seasonal variations of the root‐zone moisture replenishment in a native vegetated catchment under Mediterranean climate in South Australia. The two studied hillslopes (the north‐facing slope [NFS] and the south‐facing slope [SFS]) had different environmental conditions with opposite aspects. The twig and throughfall samples were collected every ~20 days over 1 year on both hillslopes. The root‐zone moisture replenishment, defined as percentage of newly replenished root‐zone moisture as a complement to antecedent moisture for plant use, calculated by an isotope balance model, was about zero (±25% for the NFS and ± 15% for the SFS) at the end of the wet season (October), increased to almost 100% (±26% for the NFS and ± 29% for the SFS) after the dry season (April and May), then decreased close to zero (±24% for the NFS and ± 28% for the SFS) in the middle of the following wet season (August). This seasonal pattern of root‐zone moisture replenishment suggests that the very first rainfall events of the wet season were significant for soil moisture replenishment and supported the plants over wet and subsequent dry seasons, and that NFS completed replenishment over a longer time than SFS in the wet season and depleted the root zone moisture quicker in the dry season. The stable oxygen isotope composition of the intraevent samples and twigs further confirms that rain water in the late wet season contributed little to root‐zone moisture. This study highlights the significant role of the very first rain events in the early wet season for ecosystem and provides insights to understanding ecohydrological separation, catchment water yield, and vegetation response to climate changes.  相似文献   

黔北正安地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气地质特征及有利区预测     

贺永忠  向坤鹏  安亚运  易成兴  杨忠琴  于宁 《中国地质调查》2020,7(3):21-29

为明确黔北正安地区上奥陶统五峰组至下志留统龙马溪组的页岩气地质特征,充分应用页岩气地质调查、重磁电、二维地震、地质调查井及测试分析等工作方法,开展黔北正安地区1:5万页岩气基础地质调查,对五峰组至龙马溪组富有机质页岩的分布、沉积环境、有机地球化学、岩石矿物、储集性能及含气性等特征进行分析研究,结果表明: 研究区五峰组—龙马溪组富有机质页岩为深水陆棚相沉积,主要分布有安场向斜、斑竹向斜和泥高向斜,厚度14.5~55 m,埋深0~3 200 m; 有机碳(TOC)含量1.0%~4.0%,有机质镜质体反射率(R_o)为1.82%~2.23%,有机质类型以Ⅰ型干酪根为主; 岩石主要由石英、长石和黏土矿物组成,脆性矿物含量高,一般大于50%; 孔隙度为2.03%~3.89%,渗透率为0.35×10^-5~1.86×10^-5μm²,表现为低孔、特低渗的特征; 最高含气量为2.88 m³/t,显示出较好的含气性特征。综合分析和评价圈出3个页岩气聚集有利区,分别为安场区块、斑竹区块和泥高区块,这为研究区页岩气进一步勘探开发指明了方向。  相似文献   

The Three American Wests     

Joe Weber 《The Professional geographer》2019,71(2):239-252

In the twenty-first century, there are three American Wests, which cut across cultural, political, physical, and economic boundaries. Parts of the West are booming, building homes, and adding population; others are legally off limits to such development; and much of the West has been bypassed by such development and growth. These are called here the Booming West, Protected West, and Bypassed West. Maps of climate, political boundaries, ethnic and racial identities, or presidential voting patterns do not match these three Wests. Each West has a different relationship to the others and might see them as threats or opportunities, and each West can be expected to grow in different areas at the expense of other Wests. The boundaries between the three Wests could be important locations; sharp transitions can exist between Wests, perhaps nowhere more so than where a fast growing metro area abuts a national park or forest boundary. Finally, the effects of climate change cut across the three Wests and have different implications for their future. Continued population growth will further emphasize the boundaries between each of the three Wests and raise the stakes for their control.  相似文献   

Traces of volcanic ash from the Mediterranean,Iceland and North America in a Holocene record from south Wales,UK     

Gwydion Jones  Siwan M. Davies  Richard A. Staff  Neil J. Loader  Sarah J. Davies  Michael J. C. Walker 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(1-2):163-174

A tephra record is presented for a sediment core from Llyn Llech Owain, south Wales, spanning the early- to mid-Holocene. Seven cryptotephra deposits are discovered with three thought to correlate with known eruptions and the remaining four considered to represent previously undocumented events. One deposit is suggested to correlate with the ~6.9 cal ka bp Lairg A tephra from Iceland, whereas more distant sources are proposed as the origin for two of the tephra deposits. A peak of colourless shards in early-Holocene sediments is thought to tentatively correlate with the ~9.6 cal ka bp Fondi di Baia tephra (Campi Flegrei) and a second cryptotephra is tentatively correlated with the ~3.6 cal ka bp Aniakchak (CFE) II tephra (Alaska). The Fondi di Baia tephra has never been recorded beyond proximal sites and its discovery in south Wales significantly extends the geographical distribution of ash from this eruption. The remaining four cryptotephra deposits are yet to be correlated with known eruptions, demonstrating that our current understanding of widespread tephra deposits is incomplete. This new tephra record highlights the potential for sites at more southerly and westerly locations in northwest Europe to act as repositories for ash from several volcanic regions.  相似文献   

测绘地理信息档案管理对策研究     

李明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(3):9-11,15

国民经济建设对测绘地理信息档案的需求旺盛,如何对测绘地理信息数据进行归档管理,提高测绘地理信息档案存储的安全性及方便再利用,已经成为测绘地理信息档案管理部门需要研究的重要课题。本文通过分析当前测绘地理信息档案管理的现状,指出存在的问题,提出有力的改进措施。  相似文献